[flang] Add Pre-FIR Tree structure to help lowering the parse-tree

The Pre-FIR Tree structure is a transient data structure that
is meant to be built from the parse tree just before lowering to
FIR and that will be deleted just afterwards. It is not meant to perfrom
optimization analysis and transformations. It only provides temporary
information, such as label target information or parse tree parent nodes,
that is meant to be used to lower the parse tree structure into
FIR operations.
A PFTBuilder class builds the Pre-Fir Tree from the parse-tree.
A pretty printer is available to visualize this data structure.

- Lit tests are added to:
  1. that the PFT tree structure is as expected
  2. that the PFT captures all intented nodes

- Cmake changes: Prevent warnings inisde LLVM headers when compiling flang

The issue is that some LLVM headers  define functions where the usage of
the parameters depend on environment ifdef. See for instance Size in:
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/5f940220bf9438e95ffa4a627ac1591be1e1ba6e/llvm/include/llvm/Support/Compiler.h#L574

Because flang is build with -Werror and -Wunused-parameter is default in
clang, this may breaks build in some environments (like with clang9 on macos).
A solution would be to add -Wno-unused-parameter to flang CmakLists.txt,
but it is wished to keep this warning on flang sources for quality purposes.
Fixing LLVM headers is not an easy task and `[[maybe_unused]]` is C++17 and
cannot be used yet in LLVM headers.
Hence, this fix simply silence warnings coming from LLVM headers by telling
CMake they are to be considered as if they were system headers.

- drone.io changes: remove llvm 6.0 from clang config in drone.io and link
flang with libstdc++ instead of libc++

llvm-dev resolved to llvm-6.0 in clang builds on drone.io. llvm 6.0 too old.
LLVM packages are linked with libstdc++ standard library whereas libc++ was
used for flang. This caused link time failure when building clang. Change
frone.io to build flang with libc++.

Note:
This commit does not reflect an actual work log, it is a feature based split of the
changes done in the FIR experimental branch. The related work log can be found in the
commits between:
864898cbe509d032abfe1172ec367dbd3dd92bc1
and
137c23da9c64cf90584cf81fd646053a69e91f63

Other changes come from flang-compiler/f18#959 review.

Original-commit: flang-compiler/f18@edb0943
Reviewed-on: flang-compiler/f18#959

Author: jeanPerier

flang/.drone.star

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ def clang(arch):
                 "name": "test",
                 "image": "ubuntu",
                 "commands": [
-                    "apt-get update && apt-get install -y clang-8 cmake ninja-build lld-8 llvm-dev libc++-8-dev libc++abi-8-dev libz-dev",
+                    "apt-get update && apt-get install -y clang-8 cmake ninja-build lld-8 llvm-8-dev libc++-8-dev libc++abi-8-dev libz-dev",
                     "mkdir build && cd build",
-                    'env CC=clang-8 CXX=clang++-8 CXXFLAGS="-UNDEBUG -stdlib=libc++" LDFLAGS="-fuse-ld=lld" cmake -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..',
+                    'env CC=clang-8 CXX=clang++-8 CXXFLAGS="-UNDEBUG" LDFLAGS="-fuse-ld=lld" cmake -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..',
                     "ninja -j8",
                     "ctest --output-on-failure -j24",
                 ],

flang/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -70,7 +70,14 @@ include(AddLLVM)
 #  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41924375/llvm-how-to-specify-all-link-libraries-as-input-to-llvm-map-components-to-libna
 #  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33948633/how-do-i-link-when-building-with-llvm-libraries
 
-include_directories(${LLVM_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+# Add LLVM include files as if they were SYSTEM because there are complex unused
+# parameter issues that may or may not appear depending on the environments and
+# compilers (ifdefs are involved). This allows warnings from LLVM headers to be
+# ignored while keeping -Wunused-parameter a fatal error inside f18 code base.
+# This may have to be fine-tuned if flang headers are consider part of this
+# LLVM_INCLUDE_DIRS when merging in the monorepo (Warning from flang headers
+# should not be suppressed).
+include_directories(SYSTEM ${LLVM_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 add_definitions(${LLVM_DEFINITIONS})
 
 # LLVM_LIT_EXTERNAL store in cache so it could be used by AddLLVM.cmake