Use AlignmentError in Unalign's failure conditions

This make's `Unalign`'s methods consistent with zerocopy's other
methods, and, in the case of `Unalign::try_deref_mut`, allows the
original `&mut Unalign<T>` to be reused in the event of failure.

Makes progress towards #1139

Author: jswrenn

src/pointer/ptr.rs

@@ -613,12 +613,41 @@ mod _conversions {
             c
         }
     }
+
+    impl<'a, T, I> Ptr<'a, T, I>
+    where
+        I: Invariants,
+    {
+        /// Converts a `Ptr` to a `Unalign<T>` into an `Ptr` to an unaligned `T`.
+        pub(crate) fn into_unaligned(
+            self,
+        ) -> Ptr<'a, crate::Unalign<T>, (I::Aliasing, Aligned, I::Validity)> {
+            // SAFETY: We define `Unalign<T>` to be a `#[repr(C, packed)]` type
+            // wrapping a single `T` field. Thus, `Unalign<T>` has the same size
+            // as `T` and contains `UnsafeCell`s at the same locations as `T`.
+            // The cast is implemented in the form `|p: *mut T| p as *mut U`,
+            // where `U` is `Unalign<T>`.
+            let ptr = unsafe {
+                #[allow(clippy::as_conversions)]
+                self.cast_unsized(|p: *mut T| p as *mut crate::Unalign<T>)
+            };
+            // SAFETY: We define `Unalign<T>` to be a `#[repr(C, packed)]` type
+            // wrapping a single `T` field, thus `Unalign<T>` has exactly the
+            // same validity as `T`.
+            let ptr = unsafe { ptr.assume_validity::<I::Validity>() };
+            // SAFETY: We define `Unalign<T>` to be a `#[repr(C, packed)]` type
+            // wrapping a single `T` field, thus `Unalign<T>` is always
+            // trivially aligned.
+            let ptr = unsafe { ptr.assume_alignment::<Aligned>() };
+            ptr
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// State transitions between invariants.
 mod _transitions {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::{TryFromBytes, ValidityError};
+    use crate::{AlignmentError, TryFromBytes, ValidityError};
 
     impl<'a, T, I> Ptr<'a, T, I>
     where
@@ -745,16 +774,16 @@ mod _transitions {
         /// on success.
         pub(crate) fn bikeshed_try_into_aligned(
             self,
-        ) -> Option<Ptr<'a, T, (I::Aliasing, Aligned, I::Validity)>>
+        ) -> Result<Ptr<'a, T, (I::Aliasing, Aligned, I::Validity)>, AlignmentError<Self, T>>
         where
             T: Sized,
         {
             if !crate::util::aligned_to::<_, T>(self.as_non_null()) {
-                return None;
+                return Err(AlignmentError::new(self));
             }
 
             // SAFETY: We just checked the alignment.
-            Some(unsafe { self.assume_alignment::<Aligned>() })
+            Ok(unsafe { self.assume_alignment::<Aligned>() })
         }
 
         /// Recalls that `self`'s referent is validly-aligned for `T`.

src/wrappers.rs

@@ -136,29 +136,35 @@ impl<T> Unalign<T> {
     /// not properly aligned.
     ///
     /// If `self` does not satisfy `mem::align_of::<T>()`, then it is unsound to
-    /// return a reference to the wrapped `T`, and `try_deref` returns `None`.
+    /// return a reference to the wrapped `T`, and `try_deref` returns `Err`.
     ///
     /// If `T: Unaligned`, then `Unalign<T>` implements [`Deref`], and callers
     /// may prefer [`Deref::deref`], which is infallible.
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn try_deref(&self) -> Option<&T> {
+    pub fn try_deref(&self) -> Result<&T, AlignmentError<&Self, T>> {
         let inner = Ptr::from_ref(self).transparent_wrapper_into_inner();
-        inner.bikeshed_try_into_aligned().map(Ptr::as_ref)
+        match inner.bikeshed_try_into_aligned() {
+            Ok(aligned) => Ok(aligned.as_ref()),
+            Err(err) => Err(err.map_src(|src| src.into_unaligned().as_ref())),
+        }
     }
 
     /// Attempts to return a mutable reference to the wrapped `T`, failing if
     /// `self` is not properly aligned.
     ///
     /// If `self` does not satisfy `mem::align_of::<T>()`, then it is unsound to
     /// return a reference to the wrapped `T`, and `try_deref_mut` returns
-    /// `None`.
+    /// `Err`.
     ///
     /// If `T: Unaligned`, then `Unalign<T>` implements [`DerefMut`], and
     /// callers may prefer [`DerefMut::deref_mut`], which is infallible.
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn try_deref_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> {
+    pub fn try_deref_mut(&mut self) -> Result<&mut T, AlignmentError<&mut Self, T>> {
         let inner = Ptr::from_mut(self).transparent_wrapper_into_inner();
-        inner.bikeshed_try_into_aligned().map(Ptr::as_mut)
+        match inner.bikeshed_try_into_aligned() {
+            Ok(aligned) => Ok(aligned.as_mut()),
+            Err(err) => Err(err.map_src(|src| src.into_unaligned().as_mut())),
+        }
     }
 
     /// Returns a reference to the wrapped `T` without checking alignment.