Use Console charset for console logging when available

Prior to this commit, LogbackLoggingSystemProperties
doesn't respect Console.charset(). It used Charset.getDefaultCharset()
for logback and  UTF-8 for log42j as defaults.

This commit changes the behaviour of LogbackLoggingSystemProperties to use
 Console.charset() when available. If no console is present, the default
 charset is used instead. These changes bring consistency across
 logging implementations.

See gh-43118

Signed-off-by: Dmytro Nosan <[email protected]>

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/logging/LoggingSystemProperties.java

@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@
 
 package org.springframework.boot.logging;
 
+import java.io.Console;
 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
-import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 
@@ -91,8 +92,12 @@ public LoggingSystemProperties(Environment environment, Function<String, String>
 		this.setter = (setter != null) ? setter : systemPropertySetter;
 	}
 
+	protected Console getConsole() {
+		return System.console();
+	}
+
 	protected Charset getDefaultCharset() {
-		return StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+		return Charset.defaultCharset();
 	}
 
 	public final void apply() {
@@ -116,12 +121,11 @@ private PropertyResolver getPropertyResolver() {
 	}
 
 	protected void apply(LogFile logFile, PropertyResolver resolver) {
-		String defaultCharsetName = getDefaultCharset().name();
 		setSystemProperty(LoggingSystemProperty.APPLICATION_NAME, resolver);
 		setSystemProperty(LoggingSystemProperty.APPLICATION_GROUP, resolver);
 		setSystemProperty(LoggingSystemProperty.PID, new ApplicationPid().toString());
-		setSystemProperty(LoggingSystemProperty.CONSOLE_CHARSET, resolver, defaultCharsetName);
-		setSystemProperty(LoggingSystemProperty.FILE_CHARSET, resolver, defaultCharsetName);
+		setSystemProperty(LoggingSystemProperty.CONSOLE_CHARSET, resolver, getConsoleCharset().name());
+		setSystemProperty(LoggingSystemProperty.FILE_CHARSET, resolver, getDefaultCharset().name());
 		setSystemProperty(LoggingSystemProperty.CONSOLE_THRESHOLD, resolver, this::thresholdMapper);
 		setSystemProperty(LoggingSystemProperty.FILE_THRESHOLD, resolver, this::thresholdMapper);
 		setSystemProperty(LoggingSystemProperty.EXCEPTION_CONVERSION_WORD, resolver);
@@ -137,6 +141,10 @@ protected void apply(LogFile logFile, PropertyResolver resolver) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	private Charset getConsoleCharset() {
+		return Optional.ofNullable(getConsole()).map(Console::charset).orElseGet(this::getDefaultCharset);
+	}
+
 	private void setSystemProperty(LoggingSystemProperty property, PropertyResolver resolver) {
 		setSystemProperty(property, resolver, Function.identity());
 	}

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/LogbackLoggingSystemProperties.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2012-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2012-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 package org.springframework.boot.logging.logback;
 
-import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.io.Console;
 import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ public LogbackLoggingSystemProperties(Environment environment, Function<String,
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	protected Charset getDefaultCharset() {
-		return Charset.defaultCharset();
+	protected Console getConsole() {
+		return super.getConsole();
 	}
 
 	@Override

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/logging/LoggingSystemPropertiesTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2012-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2012-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 
 package org.springframework.boot.logging;
 
+import java.io.Console;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -31,6 +34,9 @@
 import org.springframework.mock.env.MockEnvironment;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link LoggingSystemProperties}.
@@ -72,9 +78,22 @@ void consoleLogPatternIsSet() {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void consoleCharsetWhenNoPropertyUsesUtf8() {
-		new LoggingSystemProperties(new MockEnvironment()).apply(null);
-		assertThat(getSystemProperty(LoggingSystemProperty.CONSOLE_CHARSET)).isEqualTo("UTF-8");
+	void consoleCharsetWhenNoPropertyUsesCharsetDefault() {
+		LoggingSystemProperties loggingSystemProperties = spy(new LoggingSystemProperties(new MockEnvironment()));
+		given(loggingSystemProperties.getConsole()).willReturn(null);
+		loggingSystemProperties.apply(null);
+		assertThat(getSystemProperty(LoggingSystemProperty.CONSOLE_CHARSET)).isEqualTo(Charset.defaultCharset().name());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void consoleCharsetWhenNoPropertyUsesSystemConsoleCharsetWhenAvailable() {
+		LoggingSystemProperties loggingSystemProperties = spy(new LoggingSystemProperties(new MockEnvironment()));
+		Console console = mock(Console.class);
+		given(console.charset()).willReturn(StandardCharsets.UTF_16BE);
+		given(loggingSystemProperties.getConsole()).willReturn(console);
+		loggingSystemProperties.apply(null);
+		assertThat(getSystemProperty(LoggingSystemProperty.CONSOLE_CHARSET))
+			.isEqualTo(StandardCharsets.UTF_16BE.name());
 	}
 
 	@Test

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/LogbackLoggingSystemPropertiesTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2012-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2012-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 
 package org.springframework.boot.logging.logback;
 
+import java.io.Console;
 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
 
@@ -31,6 +33,9 @@
 import org.springframework.mock.env.MockEnvironment;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link LogbackLoggingSystemProperties}.
@@ -102,11 +107,29 @@ void applySetsLogbackSystemPropertiesFromDeprecated() {
 
 	@Test
 	void consoleCharsetWhenNoPropertyUsesDefault() {
-		new LoggingSystemProperties(new MockEnvironment()).apply(null);
+		LogbackLoggingSystemProperties logbackLoggingSystemProperties = spy(
+				new LogbackLoggingSystemProperties(new MockEnvironment(), null, null));
+		given(logbackLoggingSystemProperties.getConsole()).willReturn(null);
+
+		logbackLoggingSystemProperties.apply(null);
 		assertThat(System.getProperty(LoggingSystemProperty.CONSOLE_CHARSET.getEnvironmentVariableName()))
 			.isEqualTo(Charset.defaultCharset().name());
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void consoleCharsetWhenNoPropertyUsesSystemConsoleCharsetWhenAvailable() {
+		LogbackLoggingSystemProperties logbackLoggingSystemProperties = spy(
+				new LogbackLoggingSystemProperties(new MockEnvironment(), null, null));
+
+		Console console = mock(Console.class);
+		given(console.charset()).willReturn(StandardCharsets.UTF_16BE);
+		given(logbackLoggingSystemProperties.getConsole()).willReturn(console);
+
+		logbackLoggingSystemProperties.apply(null);
+		assertThat(System.getProperty(LoggingSystemProperty.CONSOLE_CHARSET.getEnvironmentVariableName()))
+			.isEqualTo(StandardCharsets.UTF_16BE.name());
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void fileCharsetWhenNoPropertyUsesDefault() {
 		new LoggingSystemProperties(new MockEnvironment()).apply(null);