Enforce tree order in JSON. (dmlc#5974)

* Make JSON model IO more future proof by using tree id in model loading.

Author: trivialfis

src/gbm/gbtree_model.cc

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 /*!
- * Copyright 2019 by Contributors
+ * Copyright 2019-2020 by Contributors
  */
+#include <utility>
+
 #include "xgboost/json.h"
 #include "xgboost/logging.h"
 #include "gbtree_model.h"
@@ -41,15 +43,14 @@ void GBTreeModel::SaveModel(Json* p_out) const {
   auto& out = *p_out;
   CHECK_EQ(param.num_trees, static_cast<int>(trees.size()));
   out["gbtree_model_param"] = ToJson(param);
-  std::vector<Json> trees_json;
-  size_t t = 0;
-  for (auto const& tree : trees) {
+  std::vector<Json> trees_json(trees.size());
+
+  for (size_t t = 0; t < trees.size(); ++t) {
+    auto const& tree = trees[t];
     Json tree_json{Object()};
     tree->SaveModel(&tree_json);
-    // The field is not used in XGBoost, but might be useful for external project.
-    tree_json["id"] = Integer(t);
-    trees_json.emplace_back(tree_json);
-    t++;
+    tree_json["id"] = Integer(static_cast<Integer::Int>(t));
+    trees_json[t] = std::move(tree_json);
   }
 
   std::vector<Json> tree_info_json(tree_info.size());
@@ -70,9 +71,10 @@ void GBTreeModel::LoadModel(Json const& in) {
   auto const& trees_json = get<Array const>(in["trees"]);
   trees.resize(trees_json.size());
 
-  for (size_t t = 0; t < trees.size(); ++t) {
-    trees[t].reset( new RegTree() );
-    trees[t]->LoadModel(trees_json[t]);
+  for (size_t t = 0; t < trees_json.size(); ++t) {  // NOLINT
+    auto tree_id = get<Integer>(trees_json[t]["id"]);
+    trees.at(tree_id).reset(new RegTree());
+    trees.at(tree_id)->LoadModel(trees_json[t]);
   }
 
   tree_info.resize(param.num_trees);

tests/cpp/test_learner.cc

@@ -148,7 +148,16 @@ TEST(Learner, JsonModelIO) {
     Json out { Object() };
     learner->SaveModel(&out);
 
-    learner->LoadModel(out);
+    dmlc::TemporaryDirectory tmpdir;
+
+    std::ofstream fout (tmpdir.path + "/model.json");
+    fout << out;
+    fout.close();
+
+    auto loaded_str = common::LoadSequentialFile(tmpdir.path + "/model.json");
+    Json loaded = Json::Load(StringView{loaded_str.c_str(), loaded_str.size()});
+
+    learner->LoadModel(loaded);
     learner->Configure();
 
     Json new_in { Object() };