[v2.7] SMP scheduling issues with more than 2 CPUs on the v2.7 LTS branch

[npitre]

The current v2.7 branch carries a couple issues that were fixed in the
main branch without corresponding backports. Those are SMP scheduling
problems that become much more prevalent on real hardware systems with
more than 2 CPUs. Without those fixes, CI would systematically fail on
tests such as tests/kernel/mutex/sys_mutex where tick advertisements get
lost and all CPUs eventually get stalled in their idle threads forever
due to pending timeouts never expiring.

PR #54385 contains relevant commits cherry-picked from the main branch.
Once those are applied, the above issues no longer exist and the tests pass.