🧱 switch to dedicated reusable MQT workflows

[burgholzer]

Description

This PR switches the reusable workflows from MQT Core to the ones hosted at https://github.com/cda-tum/mqt-workflows. This creates a better separation of concerns and allows for separate versioning of the workflows and the MQT Core library.

Furthermore, this PR adapts the configuration of the continuous deployment job so that the job is also triggered if the respective workflow file is updated. This should help to catch errors as early as possible when dependabot updates the workflow.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 66.66667% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 92.5%. Comparing base (2f7d92e) to head (232f028).
Report is 54 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
src/mqt/ddsim/provider.py	66.6%	4 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #376     +/-   ##
=======================================
- Coverage   92.7%   92.5%   -0.3%     
=======================================
  Files         37      37             
  Lines       2552    2561      +9     
  Branches     309     309             
=======================================
+ Hits        2368    2370      +2     
- Misses       184     191      +7     

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	94.5% <ø> (-0.2%)	⬇️
python	87.3% <66.6%> (-0.5%)	⬇️

Files	Coverage Δ
src/mqt/ddsim/provider.py	83.3% <66.6%> (-12.2%)	⬇️

... and 2 files with indirect coverage changes