refactor: use java.net.URI for parsing URLs in UrlUtils

[lcian]

📜 Description

This changes the internal logic used for parsing URLs in UrlUtils from regex based to using java.net.URI.
This will allow the SDK to handle the cases described in #2690 and getsentry/team-sdks#39.
java.net.URI is known to still not be fully compliant with RFCs 3986 and 3987 (https://cr.openjdk.org/%7Edfuchs/writeups/updating-uri/) but this is still an improvement with respect to the cases described in the issues linked above, and could also ensure correct handling for other corner cases that we are not aware of.
We still use java.net.URL but just for validating that an URI is a valid URL.

This could affect grouping for existing issues that use (parts of) an URL as the message when the URL falls in the affected corner cases.

💡 Motivation and Context

Closes #2690

💚 How did you test it?

Added some tests and changed existing ones

📝 Checklist

• I added tests to verify the changes.
• No new PII added or SDK only sends newly added PII if sendDefaultPII is enabled.
• I updated the docs if needed.
• I updated the wizard if needed.
• Review from the native team if needed.
• No breaking change or entry added to the changelog.
• No breaking change for hybrid SDKs or communicated to hybrid SDKs.

🔮 Next steps

[github-actions]

Performance metrics 🚀

	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
Startup time	344.18 ms	425.04 ms	80.86 ms
Size	1.58 MiB	2.21 MiB	641.66 KiB