Sync to upstream/release/674

[hgoldstein]

General

• Expose an optional get_alias API as an alternative to get_config in Luau.Require and Luau.RequireNavigator.
• Improve the Luau CLI's virtual filesystem implementation to fix bugs related to init.luau. Fixes New require semantics not working properly in Luau CLI #1816

New Type Solver

• Avoid double reporting errors when erroneous arguments are provided to type functions.
• Fix some instances of unresovable cyclic type functions in loops by only considering the first loop cycles. This results in some type inference inaccuracies when the type of a variable in loop through multiple iterations. Fixes Fails to find + or - for math on numbers in a loop #1413.
• Better generalize free types that have meaningful lower and upper bounds, especially for table indexers.
• Report more specific errors when assigning or returning table literal types, instead of citing the entire table type.
• Inference for functions with generic type packs is greatly improved.
• Fix some internal compiler exceptions when using type-stating functions like table.freeze in if _ then _ else _ expressions and short circuiting binary operations.
• More consistently simplify unions of primitive types, especially in array-like and dictionary-like tables.
• Fix a crash when type checking an erroneous type alias containing typeof with a type assertion expression, as in:

  type MyTable = {}
  -- This will error at type checking time as it's a duplicate
  type MyTable = typeof(setmetatable(SomeTable :: {}, SomeMetaTable));
  

• Fix a crash when inferring the type of an index expression where the indexee is invalid (e.g. nil).

Runtime

• Avoid throwing an exception from luau_load if we run out of memory.
• Type functions are no longer compiled and included in bytecode. Fixes Seperate type functions from normal functions in luau-compile compiler remarks #1817.
• Fix some instances of Luau C API functions reading invalid debug information (generally when the first or last instruction of a block was being inspected). Fixes luau_getinfo ensure when used immediately after a LOP_CALL Instruction #1369.
• Avoid potential signed integer overflow when doing bounds checks on tables.
• Support 16 byte aligned userdata objects when system allocation alignment is also 16 bytes.
• Fix memory leaks in Luau.Require when using VM build with no exceptions. Fixes New "require" implementation leaks memory when built with longjmp #1827.