Use f-strings where pyupgrade doesn't handle it automatically

binderhub/base.py

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ def get_provider(self, provider_prefix, spec):
         """Construct a provider object"""
         providers = self.settings['repo_providers']
         if provider_prefix not in providers:
-            raise web.HTTPError(404, "No provider found for prefix %s" % provider_prefix)
+            raise web.HTTPError(404, f"No provider found for prefix {provider_prefix}")
 
         return providers[provider_prefix](
             config=self.settings['traitlets_config'], spec=spec)

binderhub/binderspawner_mixin.py

@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ def get_args(self):
         else:
             args = [
                 '--ip=0.0.0.0',
-                '--port=%i' % self.port,
-                '--NotebookApp.base_url=%s' % self.server.base_url,
-                '--NotebookApp.token=%s' % self.user_options['token'],
+                f'--port={self.port}',
+                f'--NotebookApp.base_url={self.server.base_url}',
+                f"--NotebookApp.token={self.user_options['token']}",
                 '--NotebookApp.trust_xheaders=True',
             ]
             if self.default_url:

binderhub/builder.py

@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ async def get(self, provider_prefix, _unescaped_spec):
         # EventSource cannot handle HTTP errors, so we must validate and send
         # error messages on the eventsource.
         if provider_prefix not in self.settings['repo_providers']:
-            await self.fail("No provider found for prefix %s" % provider_prefix)
+            await self.fail(f"No provider found for prefix {provider_prefix}")
             return
 
         # create a heartbeat
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ async def get(self, provider_prefix, _unescaped_spec):
             return
 
         if ref is None:
-            error_message = ["Could not resolve ref for %s. Double check your URL." % key]
+            error_message = [f"Could not resolve ref for {key}. Double check your URL."]
 
             if provider.name == "GitHub":
                 error_message.append('GitHub recently changed default branches from "master" to "main".')
@@ -548,9 +548,8 @@ async def launch(self, provider):
                         matching_pods += 1
                         break
             if matching_pods >= quota:
-                app_log.error("%s has exceeded quota: %s/%s (%s total)",
-                    self.repo_url, matching_pods, quota, total_pods)
-                await self.fail("Too many users running %s! Try again soon." % self.repo_url)
+                app_log.error(f"{self.repo_url} has exceeded quota: {matching_pods}/{quota} ({total_pods} total)")
+                await self.fail(f"Too many users running {self.repo_url}! Try again soon.")
                 return
 
             if matching_pods >= 0.5 * quota:
@@ -626,9 +625,7 @@ async def launch(self, provider):
                 await self.emit(
                     {
                         "phase": "launching",
-                        "message": "Launch attempt {} failed, retrying...\n".format(
-                            i + 1
-                        ),
+                        "message": f"Launch attempt {i + 1} failed, retrying...\n",
                     }
                 )
                 await gen.sleep(retry_delay)
@@ -646,7 +643,7 @@ async def launch(self, provider):
                 break
         event = {
             'phase': 'ready',
-            'message': 'server running at %s\n' % server_info['url'],
+            'message': f"server running at {server_info['url']}\n",
         }
         event.update(server_info)
         await self.emit(event)

binderhub/launcher.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def _default_hub_url_local(self):
     async def api_request(self, url, *args, **kwargs):
         """Make an API request to JupyterHub"""
         headers = kwargs.setdefault('headers', {})
-        headers.update({'Authorization': 'token %s' % self.hub_api_token})
+        headers.update({'Authorization': f'token {self.hub_api_token}'})
         hub_api_url = os.getenv('JUPYTERHUB_API_URL', '') or self.hub_url_local + 'hub/api/'
         if not hub_api_url.endswith('/'):
             hub_api_url += '/'
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ async def api_request(self, url, *args, **kwargs):
 
     async def get_user_data(self, username):
         resp = await self.api_request(
-            'users/%s' % username,
+            f'users/{username}',
             method='GET',
         )
         body = json.loads(resp.body.decode('utf-8'))
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ async def launch(self, image, username, server_name='', repo_url='', extra_args=
             # create a new user
             app_log.info("Creating user %s for image %s", username, image)
             try:
-                await self.api_request('users/%s' % escaped_username, body=b'', method='POST')
+                await self.api_request(f'users/{escaped_username}', body=b'', method='POST')
             except HTTPError as e:
                 if e.response:
                     body = e.response.body
@@ -178,13 +178,13 @@ async def launch(self, image, username, server_name='', repo_url='', extra_args=
                 app_log.error("Error creating user %s: %s\n%s",
                     username, e, body,
                 )
-                raise web.HTTPError(500, "Failed to create temporary user for %s" % image)
+                raise web.HTTPError(500, f"Failed to create temporary user for {image}")
         elif server_name == '':
             # authentication is enabled but not named servers
             # check if user has a running server ('')
             user_data = await self.get_user_data(escaped_username)
             if server_name in user_data['servers']:
-                raise web.HTTPError(409, "User %s already has a running server." % username)
+                raise web.HTTPError(409, f"User {username} already has a running server.")
         elif self.named_server_limit_per_user > 0:
             # authentication is enabled with named servers
             # check if user has already reached to the limit of named servers
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ async def launch(self, image, username, server_name='', repo_url='', extra_args=
         _server_name = " {}".format(server_name) if server_name else ''
 
         # start server
-        app_log.info("Starting server%s for user %s with image %s", _server_name, username, image)
+        app_log.info(f"Starting server{_server_name} for user {username} with image {image}")
         try:
             resp = await self.api_request(
                 'users/{}/servers/{}'.format(escaped_username, server_name),
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ async def launch(self, image, username, server_name='', repo_url='', extra_args=
                     # and tune this appropriately
                     await gen.sleep(min(1.4 ** i, 10))
                 else:
-                    raise web.HTTPError(500, "Image %s for user %s took too long to launch" % (image, username))
+                    raise web.HTTPError(500, f"Image {image} for user {username} took too long to launch")
 
         except HTTPError as e:
             if e.response:
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ async def launch(self, image, username, server_name='', repo_url='', extra_args=
 
             app_log.error("Error starting server{} for user {}: {}\n{}".
                           format(_server_name, username, e, body))
-            raise web.HTTPError(500, "Failed to launch image %s" % image)
+            raise web.HTTPError(500, f"Failed to launch image {image}")
 
         data['url'] = self.hub_url + 'user/%s/%s' % (escaped_username, server_name)
         return data

binderhub/repoproviders.py

@@ -150,12 +150,12 @@ def repo_config(self, settings):
                 raise ValueError(
                     "Spec-pattern configuration expected "
                     "a regex pattern string, not "
-                    "type %s" % type(pattern))
+                    f"type {type(pattern)}")
             if not isinstance(config, dict):
                 raise ValueError(
                     "Spec-pattern configuration expected "
                     "a specification configuration dict, not "
-                    "type %s" % type(config))
+                    f"type {type(config)}")
             # Ignore case, because most git providers do not
             # count DS-100/textbook as different from ds-100/textbook
             if re.match(pattern, self.spec, re.IGNORECASE):
@@ -814,9 +814,7 @@ async def github_api_request(self, api_url, etag=None):
                 # round expiry up to nearest 5 minutes
                 minutes_until_reset = 5 * (1 + (reset_seconds // 60 // 5))
 
-                raise ValueError("GitHub rate limit exceeded. Try again in %i minutes."
-                    % minutes_until_reset
-                )
+                raise ValueError(f"GitHub rate limit exceeded. Try again in {minutes_until_reset} minutes.")
             # Status 422 is returned by the API when we try and resolve a non
             # existent reference
             elif e.code in (404, 422):

binderhub/tests/test_utils.py

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ def test_rendezvous_independence():
     # check that the relative ranking of 80 buckets doesn't depend on the
     # presence of 20 extra buckets
     key = "k1"
-    eighty_buckets = utils.rendezvous_rank(["b%i" % i for i in range(80)], key)
-    hundred_buckets = utils.rendezvous_rank(["b%i" % i for i in range(100)], key)
+    eighty_buckets = utils.rendezvous_rank([f"b{i}" for i in range(80)], key)
+    hundred_buckets = utils.rendezvous_rank([f"b{i}" for i in range(100)], key)
 
     for i in range(80, 100):
-        hundred_buckets.remove("b%i" % i)
+        hundred_buckets.remove(f"b{i}")
 
     assert eighty_buckets == hundred_buckets
 

examples/binder-api.py

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def build_binder(repo,
                 url = "{url}{urlpath}?token={token}".format(**evt, urlpath=opts.urlpath)
             else:
                 url = "{url}?token={token}".format(**evt)
-            print("Opening %s" % url)
+            print(f"Opening {url}")
             webbrowser.open(url)
             break
     else:

helm-chart/binderhub/values.yaml

@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ jupyterhub:
                 else:
                     args = [
                         '--ip=0.0.0.0',
-                        '--port=%i' % self.port,
-                        '--NotebookApp.base_url=%s' % self.server.base_url,
-                        '--NotebookApp.token=%s' % self.user_options['token'],
+                        f'--port={self.port}',
+                        f'--NotebookApp.base_url={self.server.base_url}',
+                        f"--NotebookApp.token={self.user_options['token']}",
                         '--NotebookApp.trust_xheaders=True',
                     ]
                     if self.default_url: